The geographic displacement of human beings in space and time, seen as individuals or groups.
Fig. 1 Individual movements.
Fig. 2 Population trips.
6/16/2021
The geographic displacement of human beings in space and time, seen as individuals or groups.
Fig. 1 Individual movements.
Fig. 2 Population trips.
Through a variety of transport modes, e.g.,
Transport modal disparities
Carbon intensity
Spatiotemporal distributions of travel time and trips
Transportation presents a major challenge to curbing climate change.
Better informed policymaking requires up-to-date empirical data with good quality, low cost, and easy access.
Emerging data sources enable deep and new insights from large-scale collection of human movement and transport systems.
Fig. 3 Tweets and road networks (car + public transit) in Stockholm region
What are the potentials and limitations of using emerging data sources for modelling mobility?
How can new data sources be properly modelled for characterising transport modal disparities?
| RQ | # | Scope | Paper title |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | Population heterogeneity | From individual to collective behaviours: exploring population heterogeneity of human mobility based on social media data |
| II | Travel demand | Feasibility of estimating travel demand using geolocations of social media data | |
| III | A mobility model for synthetic travel demand from sparse individual traces | ||
| 2 | IV | Travel time | Disparities in travel times between car and transit: spatiotemporal patterns in cities |
| V | Modal competition | Ride-sourcing compared to its public-transit alternative using big trip data |
Fig. 4 Methodology
| Method |
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| I | II | III | IV | V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data mining | 🗸 | 🗸 | |||
| Mobility metrics and models | 🗸 | 🗸 | 🗸 | 🗸 | 🗸 |
| Methods in transport geography | 🗸 | 🗸 | |||
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Geotagged tweetsThe tweets with precise location information (GPS coordinates) when Twitter users actively choose to tag it. |
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Why Twitter?
Easy access, low cost, large spatial and population coverage.
Limitations of geotagged tweets
Biased population: young, highly-educated, urban residents.
Sparse sampling of the actual mobility.
Behaviour bias of reporting geolocations.
Twitter users DO NOT geotweet every day.
Twitter users DO NOT geotweet every location visited.
Fig. 5 Sparsity issue.
Uncommon places and leisure activities >> regularly visited places, e.g., home and workplace.
Fig. 6 Behaviour bias.
The reliability of estimated commuting trips using geotagged tweets is low.
Fig. 7 Commuting trips. (A) Survey and user-based collected geolocations (Twitter LD). (B) Commuting trip distance distribution produced by Twitter in comparison with Survey.
Fig. 8 Four types of travellers.
Local vs. Global traveller visits
Local: nearby locations.
Global: more distant locations.
Returner vs. Explorer explores around
Returner: one centralised location.
Explorer: decentralised locations that are distant from each other.
spatial scale sampling method sample size
Twitter data are more suitable for city level than national level.
The main obstacle of using Twitter data at a large spatial scale is the sparsity.
Fig. 9 National level (left) vs. city level (right).
spatial scale sampling method sample size
User-based data collection works better than area-based data collection:
A much larger number of geotagged tweets, a more complete picture of travel demand.
A density-based approach is proposed to increase sample size:
Fig. 10 Trip-based approach (left)
A density-based approach A mobility model
An individual-based mobility model
The model is designed to correct behaviour bias and sparsity issue.
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Input: sparse mobility traces |
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Output: synthesised mobility |
A density-based approach A mobility model
The model-synthesised results have good agreements with the other data sources.
Characterising trip distance distributions (domestic) of global regions:
Fig. 11 Distributions of synthesised domestic trips.
Data fusion framework for travel time calculation
Distributions of geotagged tweets represents the dynamic attractiveness of locations in cities.
Fig. 12 Geotagged tweets as destinations by hour of day (Stockholm region).
Spatiotemporal dynamics of travel time ratio (R)
Fig. 13 Travel time ratio by hour of day (Sydney).
Travel time by PT is around twice as high as by car.
PT can compete with car use during peak rush hours in Stockholm and Amsterdam.
Fig. 14 Travel time ratio over 24 hours.
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Does ride-sourcing complement, or compete with, public transit? |
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How large is the share of ride-sourcing trips that can be substituted by taking public transit, if you are willing to walk up to 800 m to access and leave the transit station during daytime?
Ride-sourcing trips: transit-competing vs. non-transit-competing.
What trip attributes and built environment are linked to the competition?
What are the implications for policymaking?
For travel time calculation For open trip data analysis (ride-sourcing)
Collected from a large area and population but at a cost of rich detail.
Raw data: trip ID, pick-up and drop-off locations, pick-up and drop-off times, and cost.
Fig. 15 Data enrichment for ride-sourcing trip data.
A glass-box model enhanced by machine learning techniques: additive impact of factors and factor interactions.
The transit-competing trips account for 48.2%.
Fig. 16 Impact of travel time by ride-sourcing (left) and transfer (right).
Competition is more likely to happen when the travel time by ride-sourcing < 15 min.
Requiring multiple transfers is associated with the competition between.
Land-use clusters of the study area.
Fig. 18 Impact of land-use cluster and its interaction with transfer.
Low density/diversity of land use -> a lower probability of competition.
Multiple transfers + middle density/diversity of land use -> a higher probability of competition.
Improve PT services that provide access to the international airport (informed by ride-sourcing hot spots);
Expand PT networks guided by the transit-competing ride-sourcing trips featuring short travel time but a big gap between the two modes;
Incentivise the ride-sourcing trips that fill the gaps in the PT services that take a long time or require lengthy walking and transfers connecting to suburban areas.
…What are the potentials and limitations of using emerging data sources for modelling mobility?
How can new data sources be properly modelled for characterising transport modal disparities?